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J. F. VERNER.

AEHOPLANE CUNTHOL,

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES FREDERICK VERN'ER, OF TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA, ASSIGNOR TO HERMANCLARK ANDERSON, 0F TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA.

AEROPLANE CONTROL.

Application led August 30, 1918.

To all '1U/1.0m t may concern.'

Be it known that I, JAMEs FREDERICK VERNER, of the city of Toronto, inthe county of York, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Aeroplane Controls, of which thefollowing is the specification.

My invention relates to improvements in aeroplane controls and theobject of the invention is to devise means whereby one coutrol, eitherfront or rear. may be rendered operative or inoperative by the othercontrol operator and to produce this result without the employment ofother cable connections than those ordinarily used in an aeroplane andit consists essentially of the following arrangement and construction ofparts as hereinafter more particularly explained.

Figurel, is a general perspective view of my devicei.

Fig. 2, is an enlarged perspective detail of the principal parts of myoperating mechanism, such mechanism being broken away intermediately ofits length, the parts being in section.

Fig. 3 is a sectional detail of the plunger' and operating mechanismadjacent thereto for connecting and disconnecting the stick or handcontrol lever.

Fig. 4, is an enlarged sectional view of the upper portion of thesupplemental lever for breaking the controls.

Fig. 5, is a plan view of one of the foot control levers.

In the drawings like characters of reference indicate correspondingparts in the various figures.

1 and 2 indicate front and rear bearing brackets suitably secured to thebottom of the fuselage and 20 an intermediate bracket. 3 indicates arocking shaft 'ournaled in the bearings l, 2 and 2. 4 in icates thefront manually operated control lever which is swung at its lower endupon the forward end of the rocking shaft 3. 5 indicates the rearmanually operated control lever which is swung at its lower end upon therear end of the rocking shaft 3. Each lever 4 and 5 is brokenintermediately of its length, the lower portions being provided withtubular portions 4* and 5* formed integral with the forks 4 and 5. 6indicates a socket member provided with a depending tubular portion 6*,a socket portion 6 and tubular por` Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May20, 1919.

Serial No. 252,078.

tion (5K being provided for each front and rear lever, a tubular portion6* fitting into each of the tubularg portions 4* and 5x and suitablysecured therein. Each of the portions 4 and 5* is provided with aclosure member 62 (sce Fig. 3) provided with a central orifice 63. Tindicates a plunger provided with an enlargement 7* fitting freely thetubular portion 6* of each socket member. 8 indicates a compressionspring eX- tending between such enlargement and the closure member 62.The lower end of thc plunger 7 is provided with a longitudinal slot 7.Each control lever 4 and 5 fits into a sleeve member 9 and is suitablysecured therein. Each sleeve member 9 is provided with a depending stem10 terminating in a ball 11 which iits into the socket 6. 12 indicates aring cap which fits over the upper portion of the ball l1 and has ascrew connection or other suitable means for securing it to the socket 6so as to hold the ball 1l freel i within the socket. 11 indites a recessormed in each ball 11 diametrically opposite the stem l() and into whichthe plunger 7 lits when either lever 4 or 5 is in its neutral position.

18 indicates a bracket carried by the lower portion of the lever 5 and19 indicates a similar bracket carried by the lower portion ot' thelever i, both of such brackets being` carried in front of its respectivelever 4 or 5. The brackets 18 and 19 extend upwardly and are formed intoV-shaped heads 18* and 19x carrying arc-shaped guides 2() and 21, eachprovided with ratchet notches 22. 23 and 24 indicate levers which arejournaled in the apexes of the bracket heads 18 and 19x and extendupwardly through the guides 2O and 21. The lower ends of the levers 23and 24 are provided with stems 25 and 26 from which extend arms 27 and28. 29 and 2.9x indicate cylindrical bearings carried by the portions 4Xand 5", each bearing being pr vided with an open front 29".

30 indicates a vertically movable rod held in the bearing sleeve 29. 3()indicates a vertically movable rod held in the bearing sleeve 29". Theupper end of the rod 30 is provided with jaws 28. connected by a linkrod 282. to the end of the arm 28. The upper end of the rod 3()X isprovided with jaws 29 connected by a link rod 292 to the arm 27. Eachrod 30 and 30* is provided with a longitudinal slot 27* for' a purposewhich will hereinafter appear,y opposite the open face 29" of thebearing lJeeves 29 and 29. 31 indicates a link rod provided with forkedends 32 and 33 pivotally connected to the lower portions 4* and 5* ofthe levers 4 and 5. The lower portion 5* of the lever 5 is provided withrearwardly extending lug 34 from which extends a cable 35 connected tocontrol the elevators of the aeroplane. Q

36 indicates an arm carried by the rocking shaft 3 and to which areconnected cables 37 and 38 connected to the ailerons. 36* and 37*indicate conical supporting standards secured to the bottoni of thefuselage and on which the rudder control levers 38* and 38 are mounted.Beneath the control levers 38* and 38 are located supplemental levers 40and 41.

On referring to Fig. 2 it will be seen that the upper ends of theconical bearings 36* and 37* are provided with orifices 36 and 37surrounded by annular bearing flanges 36 and 37. The levers 40 and 41are provided with central circular portions 40* and 41", each having acentral orifice 41" into which extend the bearing flanges 36 and 37'.The forward portion of each central portion 40* and 41* is provided witha peripheral notch 412.

42 indicate sleeves which depend centrally through each of the bearings36* and 37* and extend upwardly through the foot control levers 38* and38, the upper end of each sleeve being provided with a closure 38 havinga central orifice 382.

43 and 44 indicate plungers provided with enlargements 43* and 44*fitting the sleeves 42 and normally bearing against the lower face ofthe closure 38'. The plunger 43 is provided with an upward extension 43*pro vided with a jawed upper end 43. The plunger 44 is provided with anupward extension 44 provided with a rounded` upper end. such projectionextending through the orifice 382 so as to project upwardly above thelevel of the foot control lever 38. Each lever 38* and 38 is providedwith bearing brackets 45 and 46 located centrally of the front portionof the corresponding foot control lever and, therefore, above thenotches 412 and 41. 47 indicates a locking lever which is pivoted in thebracket 46 and is provided with a horizontal arm 47* resting at itsextreme end upon the upper end of the projecting portion 44 of theplunger 44. the upper portion of such arm at its extreme end beingprovided with a rounded projection 47 for a purpose which willhereinafter appear. The lever 47 is also rovided with a depending arm472 provided with an inwardly extending portion 473 at its lower enddesigned to normally enter the notch 41 thereby locking ,the footcontrol lever 380 and supplemental lever 41 together.

such slot being located i8 indicates a similar lever journaled in thebracket 45 carried by the forward foot con trol lever 38". The lever 48is similar in construction to the lever 47 with the excep tion that theextreme end of the horizontal arm 48* thereof extends into the jaw 43and is pivotally secured therein.

4f) indicates a bell crank lever located within the conical bearing 3W,being pivote ally mounted on a suitable projecting lug 49*. Thehorizontal arm of the bell crank 49 is pivotally connected to the lowerend of the plunger 43. Each sleeve 42 is pro vided at its lower end witha closure 50 having a central orifice through which the plungers 43 and44 freely extend. 51 indicate compression springs extending between theclosures 50 and the lower face of the enlargements 43* and 44* of theplungers 43 and 44. 52 indicates a pull bar which is provided with alooped portion 52* extending around the depending portion 42 within theconical bearing 36*, the forward end of the looped portion beingpivotally connected to the upwardly extending arm of the bell crank 49.The pull bar 52 preferably cx tends through the orifices formed in theconical bearings 36* and 37* and is provided intermediately of itslength with a looped portion 52o located beneath the plunger 44 so as toallow of freedom of movement of such plunger. 53 indicates a bell crankpivotally mounted in a bracket 54, the depending arm of which ispivotally connected be tween the jaws 52* of the pull bar 52. The lowerend of the vertically movable rod 30* is provided with a jaw 53* intowhich thi` horizontal arm of the bell crank 53 extends. and in whichsuch horizontal arm is pivotally connected. The rod 30* interinediatelyof its length is provided with an enlargement 53 having a vertical slotthrough which a cross pin 532 extends for a purpose which willhereinafter appear.

The rear end of the rocking shaft 3 is provided with' a bearing lug 54a.The forward end of the rocking shaft is provided with bearing jaws 55.56 indicates a lever arrn swung on a cross bolt 57 extending through thejaws 55. 58 indicates a bolt extending through the lug 54a and on whichis swingably mounted a crotch member 59 having an upwardly extendingarin 59* provided with a forked end 590 through which extends a crosspin 59. 60 indicates a link rod pivotally connected at one end to thearm 56 and provided at its opposite end with a slotted enlargement 60*through which the cross pin 59 extends. 61 indicates a depending membersecured to the rod 60 intermediately of its length. 62 indicates asleeve slidably held upon the rock ing shaft 3, the lower portion of thesleeve being provided with a semi-cylindrical cani portion 62", theforward portion of which soA is tapered, such tapered portion being heldin such position as to engage with the rounded portion 47 of the lockinglever 47. The upper portion of the sleeve 62 is provided with alongitudinal slot 62 into which the projection 61 extends, the forwardend of the slot being closed and the rear end open for a purpose whichwill hereinafter appear.

Upon the bolts 57 and 58 are secured arms 63 and 64, the arms 63 beingpreferably secured at each end of the bolt 58 and an arm 64 at each endof the bolt 57. The arm 63 extends through the slotted opening of theenlargement 53', the pin 532 passing through an arc-shaped slot 63Kformed in the arm. The arm 64 passes through the jaw formed at the lowerend of the rod 3()` a pin 64 passing through such jaws and through thearc-shaped slot 64 formed in the arm. The arc-shaped slots 63X and 64are so formed that when the arms are swung upon the bolts 57 and 58 theywill not impart movement to the rods 30 and 30, the pins 532 and 64xpassing freely longitudinally of the slot. The sleeve bearings 29 and 29are each provided with supplemental bearings 65 and 66 in which isslidably held a vertical rod 67.

As will be noted on referring to Fig. 3 the bearing 66 and verticallymovable rod 67 are located on each side of each control lever, the upperends of the rods 67 being connected together by a cross rod 68 extendingthrough the open ortions ot the bearing sleeves 29x, slots 2 and throughslots 60 formed in the portion 5 and through the longitudinal slots 7oformed in the spring plunger 7. The lower end of each rod 67 is providedwith a jaw 67* through which extends a cross pin 67. The lower portionof the cross member 59 is provided with outwardly extending arms 592terminating in upwardly arc-shaped inwardly directed ends 59a providedwith arc-shaped slots tl'irough which the cross pin 67n extends. Arms 64'having slots 64X similar to the arms 63 are secured to the bolts 57.The lower portions of the rods 30 and 30*I between the bearings 29 and29* and the enlargement53' of the rod 30 and the lower jawed end of therod 30, are surrounded b v a spiral compression spring 68 for a purposewhich will hereinafter appear. T'he handles of the levers 23 and 24hereinbefore described are provided with longitudinal bores 69 and thebody of the lever with a longitudinal slot 70, an intermediate portionbeing connected by an orifice 71. The upper end of the bore 69 isprovided with a` closing cap 72 provided with a central orifice 73 inalinement with the orifice 71. y Y

74 indirmtes a rod extending through orificos 73 and 71 and provided atits lower end with a block 75 having ratchet portions 76 designed toengage the teeth of the arcshaped guides 20 and 21. The upper end ot.'the rod 74 is provided with a pressure knob 76X. 77 indicates acompression spring extending between the closure 72 and the bottom ofthe bore 69 and surrounding the rod 74.

The supplemental levers 40 and 4l are connected together by cables 80and 81. the supplemental lever 4l being connected by ca les 82 and 83 tothe rudder mechanism.

Having described the principal parts involved in my invention I willbriefly describe the operation of the same.

l will irst describe the operation of breaking the forward stick controllever 4 and foot control lever 38 by the operator of the stick control5.

l/Vhen the operator oi the stick control 5 desires to break connectionhe strikes the supplemental lever 23 so as to force it forwardly andcarry the dog 76 into engage ment with the teeth 22. By this means thearms 27 are raised pulling thc rod 30X vertically against the tension ofthe surrounding spring 68. By this means the bell crank 53 is tiltedpulling upon the pull rod 52 which thereby draws the vertical arm of thebell crank 49 rearwardly and the horizontal arm downwardly pulling uponthe spring held plunger 43 which is thereby drawn downwardly against thecompression of the spring 5l, tilting the locking lever 48 so as tocarry the depending arm thereof outwardly out of engagement with thenotch 412. By this means the foot control lever 33x is thrown out ofengagement with the supplemental lever 40 and is free to swingindependently of the supplen'lental lever 40 around its bearing formedby the sleeve 42. By the same operation the arms 63 are carried upwardby the cross pin 532 passing through the slot 63x thereby forcing theupper end of the crotch lever 59 rearward i and carrying the lin'k rod60 in the same direction. The link rod 60 being connected at itsopposite end to the lever arm 56 throws such lever arm rearward carryingthe arms 64 and arms 59 downward thereby pulling the vertical rod 67carried by the stick control lever 4 downward so that the cross rod 68engages the lower end of the slot 7 of the plunger 7 thereby drawing itout of enga ement with the ball 11 of the stick contro 4, allowing theball to turn freely `within the socket and thereby break ing theconnection between the upper portion of the stick control 4 with thelower portion rendering the upper portion inoperto do is to press uponthe knob 76* forcing the rod 74 downward against the 'compression of thespring 77 and thereby carrying the ratchet dog 76 out oi' engagementwith the ratchet teeth QQ. A s soon as this operation has been effectedthe pressure spring 68 forces the rod 3U downward carrying the leverback to its4 normal position and :it the same time releasing the bellcrank 19 allowing the plunger '13 lo rise und carry the locking lever 4Sback to the position to engage the notch 412 thereby again rendering thefoot lever 38X operative. At the saine time the arm 63 is Jforceddownward by the spring 68 thereby carrying the arm 593 in a similardirection so as to carry the corresponding cross pin 68 again into thebottom of the slot 7 of the plunger 7 ot' the mechanism locking thestick control By the same operation the link rod 60 is carried in adirection reverse to arrow, the arm 56 being thrown outward and the arms6i and 590 upward, the pin 6l passinor freely longitudinallj of the slot(Belo and the slot of the arm 69 engaging the pin extending through thejawed lower end of the vertical rod 6T carried by the stick controllever 4 thereby carrying the corresponding cross pin 68 upward in theslot Y and thereby releasing the spring plunger 7 allowing it to rengagewith the orilice 11x of the ball 11 of the control lever 4 when thecontrol lever is brought to the vertical position.

I will now describe the operation by which the stick control lever 5 andfoot control lever 38 are thrown out of operation by the operator of thestick control 4.

To e'ect this the operator strikes the supplemental lever 24 so as toforce it forwardly carrying the arms 28 upward and pulling upon the linkrods 282 connected to the rod 30 so to pull the arm 64 upward. By thisoperation the lever arm 56 is thrown outward pulling upon the link rod60 so as to carry it in the reverse direction to arrow, carrying theforward end of the depending projection 61 against the closed end of theslot 62 forcing the sleeve 62 reversely to direction of arrow andcarrying the cam portion 62* into engagement with the rounded projection47 of the locking lever 47. As the cam 62X rides upon the projection theprojection is depressed, forcing the spring plunger 4A downward, theopposite end of the locking lever being carried outward out ofengagement with the notch 41. By this means the foot control lever 38 isdisconnected from the supplemental lever 41 and is free to revolve uponits supgprting bearings so as to be inoperative. y the same operationthe link rod 60 pulls the upper end of the crotch lever 59 forward,depressing the arm 59s which pulls upon the rod 67 carrying the crossrod 68, which cross Arod engages with the lower end ofthe slot 7 of thespring plunger 7 so to draw it out of engagement with the recess 11x ol:the ball ll of the lstick control 5, thereby rendering the upper portionofthe stick control 5 free to move in any direction without affectingthe lower portion of the mech unism.

lVhen it is desired to restore normal conditions all the operator has todo is to press upon the knob 76* olI the lever 24 carrying thecorrespondin ratchet dog 76 out of engagement with t e ratchet 2:2thereby freeing the mechanism which is forced back to the normalposition by the spring 68". As the mechanism is carried to the normalosition the link rod 6() is carried in the direction of arrow therebycarrying the depending projecting portion 6l out of engagement with theclosed end ot' the slot 62 thereby freeing thc sleeve 62 which is forcedrearwardly by the pressure of the spring pluner 44 exerted upwardlyagainst the free end of the lever 47 thereby simultaneously forcing thesleeve 62 back to its normal osition and carrying the depending end oi)the locking lever into position to reengage with the notch 41.

From this description it will be seen that I have devised a very simpledevice whereby the front or rear operator may throw the stick control orfoot control of the other operator out of engagement so as to leave themachine entirely in his hands, accomplishing this result by compactmechanism which does not necessitate the use of any other cableconnections than those which are commonly employed in an aeroplane.

What I claim as my invention is.

1. In an aeroplane control mechanism, the combination with a manuallycontrolled lever and a foot controlled lever and rocking shaft on whichthe manually controlled lever is carried, a rod carried by and extendinglongitudinally of the rocking shaft, and means operated by thelongitudinal movenient of the rod for disengaging the control leversfrom the control mechanism.

2. In an aeroplane control mechanism, the combination with manuallycontrolled levers and a Jfoot controlled lever and a rocking shaft onwhich the manually controlled levers are mounted, of a supplementallever carried by one of the manually controlled levers, a rod carried band extending longitudinally of the rocking shaft, mechanism forimparting longitudinal movement to the rod by the operation of thesupplemental lever,and mechanism operated by the longitudinal movementof the rod for disengaging the other manually controlled lever and thefoot controlled lever from the control mechanism.

3. In an aeroplane control mechanism, the combination with a manuallycontrolled lever and a foot controlled lever and a rocking shaft onwhich the manually controlled lever is mounted, of a supplemental handlever carried by the manually controlled lever, a supplemental Yl'ootlever located beneath the foot controlled lever, rcleasable lookin meansfor connecting the foot controllefgl and supplemental foot levertogether, and means carried by the rocking shaft and operated by thehand lever for releasing such locking means.

4. In an aeroplane control mechanism, the combination with a manuallycontrolled lever, a foot controlled lever and a' rocking shaft on whichthe manually controlled lever is mounted, of a supplemental hand lever,a supplemental foot lever, means for locking the foot levers together,and a releasing cam carried by the rocking shaft and operated by thesupplemental hand lever, and means for simultaneously disengaging themanually operated lever from the control mechanism.

In an aeroplane control n'iechanism, the ci'unhination with the manuallycontrolled lever and thc foot controlled ever and a rocking shaft onwhich the manually controlled lever is mounted, of a supplemental handlever, a supplemental foot lever having a central edge notch, a lockinglever carried by the foot lever, resilient means for forcing it intoengagement with the notch, a cam member carried by the rocking shaftoperated by the hand lever to force the cam into engagement with thelocking lever to carry the lever out of the notch, and means forsimultaneously disengaging the manually controlled lever.

6. In an aeroplane control mechanism, the combination wlth the manuallycontrolled lever, the foot controlled lever and the rocking shaft, of asupplemental foot lever 1ocated beneath `the foot controlled leverhaving a notch radial to its center of swing, a spring plunger locatedin the foot controlled lever, a bell crank carried by the footcontrolled lever having one end in the aforesaid notch and the other endresting on the plunger, and a cam member carried by the rocking shaftfor operating the bell crank, and means for disengaging the manuallycontrolled lever from the control mechanism, and for operating the cammember.

7. In an aeroplane control mechanism, a pair of manuell controlledlevers one of which is dividedy into two portions, a ball and socketjoint connecting such portions, a locking lunger held in the socket andengagin t e ball, a supplemental hand operated ever carried b the othermanually controlled lever, a roc ing shaft on which the levers arecarried, lever arms swung on each end of the rocking shaft, a link rodconnecting the arms together, a rod depending from the supplemental handoperated lever and connected to one of the lever arms, and a rodextending from the other lever arm and connected to the lock foroperating the same.

8. In an aeroplane control mechanism, a pair of manually controlledlevers formed in two portions, a ball and socket connection between theportions, a spring locking plunger engaging each ball, a longitudinallymovable rod, suitably mounted arms forming bell crank members having onearm connected to each end of the rod, means for linking the other armsto the sprin plungers, and means for imparting longtucnal movement tothe rod to alternately Withdraw the spring plungers.

9. In an aeroplane control mechanism, a pair of manually controlledlevers formed in tWo portions, a ball and socket connection between'theportions, a spring locking plunger engaging each ball, a longitudinallymovable rod, suitably mounted arms forming bell crank members having onearm connected to each end of the rod, means for linking the other armsto the spring plungers, means for imparting longitudinal movement to therod to alternately withdraw the spring plungers, a pair of foot controllevers and connections to the rudder, and means for breaking theconnection between the foot control lever and rudder connectionscorresponding to the manually controlled lever having its plungerwithdrawn.

10. InI an aeroplane dual control, a foot control lever under thecontrol of one operator and mounted centrally upon suitable bearings, asupplemental lever mounted on the same bearing and to which the ruddercontrols are connected and having a central edge notch, a bell cranklocking lever pivotallymounted on the foot control lever and engagmg thenotch of the supplemental lever, resilient means for holding the lockinglever in engagement, and means operated by the-other operator forlifting the locking lever clear of the notch. i

11. In an aeroplane dual control, a foot control lever operated by oneoperator and mounted centrally on bearings, a supplemental lever mountedon the same bearings and to which the rudder controls are connected andhaving a central edge notch, a bell crank lever mounted on the footcontrol lever and held in resilient engagement with the notch, amanuallyy controlled lever for each operator, control mechanism operatedthereby, and means operated by one operator for breaking the connectionof the manually controlled lever of the other operator with the controlmechanism and withdrawing the locking lever of the foot control out ofengagement with the notch.

12.,In an aeroplane control mechanism, the, combination with a pair ofmanually controlled levers and a pair of foot controlled levers and arocking shaft on which the manually controlled levers are carried, a rodcarried by and extending longitudinally of the rocking shaft, and meansoperated by the longitudinal movement of the rod for alternatelydisengaging a manually controlled lever and a foot lever simultaneously.

13. In combination a pair of hand operated control levers, one for eachoperator, a rock shaft on which the said levers are mounted to beoperated by said levers, one of said levers being formed in sectionswith means for locking said sections in alinement, a rod extendingparallel with the rock shaft, a connection from said rod extendingupwardly along the sectional hand operated contro] lever for operatingthe lock when the said rod is moved, a supplemental hand lever connectedto said rod for operating it, a pair of foot levers, one for eachoperator, rudder connections to be operated as a conscquence of theoperation of the foot levers, a supplemental lever interposed betweenone of the main foot levers and the rudder connections, locking meansfor connecting the supplemental foot lever with said main foot lever andmeans for controlling said lock from the movement of said rod,substantially as described.

14. In combination a pair of hand operated control levers, one for eachoperator, a rock shaft on which the said levers are mounted to beoperated b v said levers, one of said levers` being formed in sectionswith means for lookin said sections in alinement, a rod extendingparallel with the rock shaft, a connection from said rod extendingupwardly along the sectional. hand op erated control lever for operatingthe lock when the said rod is moved, a supplemental hand lever,connected to said rod for operating it, a pair of foot levers` one foreach operator, rudder connections to be operated as a consequence of theoperation of the foot levers, a supplemental lever interposed betweenone of the main foot levers and the rudder connections, locking meansfor connecting the supplemental foot lever with said main foot lever andmeans for controlling said lock from the movement of said rod, said rodbeing movable length wise, a `bell crank lever between one end of saidrod and the said connection which opcrates the lock of the sectionalhand operated control lever and a second bell crank lever between theother end of said rod and the supplemental hand lever connection,substantially as described.

15. In combination a pair of hand operated control levers, one for eachoperator, a rock shaft on which the said levers are mounted to beoperated by said levers, om` of said levers being formed in sectionswith means for locking said sections in alinement, a rod extendingparallel with the rock shaft, a connection from said rod extendingupwardly along the sectional hand operated control lever for operatingthe lock when the said rod is moved, a supplemental hand lever connectedto said rod for operating it, a pair of' foot levers, one for eachoperator, rudder connections to be operated as a consequence of theoperation of the foot levers, a supplemental lever interposed betweenone of the main foot levers and the rudder connections, locking meansfor connecting the supplemental foot lever with said main foot lever andmeans for controllin said lock from the movement of said ro said rodbeing movable lengthwise, a bell crank lever between one end of said rodand the said connection which operates the lock of the sectional handoperated control lever and a second bell crank lever between the otherend of said rod and the supplemental hand lever connection, said rodwith its connections being supported to move laterally about the axis ofthe rock shaft as the hand operated control levers are moved laterally.substantially as described.

16. In combination in a dual control mechanism for aeroplanes, a rockshaft, a pair of hand operated control levers, one for each operatormounted thereon, to turn said shaft in its bearings when swunglaterally, a pair -of main foot levers, rudder connections controlledthereby, a supplemental foot lever interposed between one of the mainfoot levers and the rudder connection, detachable locking means betweenthe supplemental foot lever and its main foot lever, one of said handoperated control levers having a detachable looking means wherebbv itmay be rendered ineffective, a rod extending along the rock shaft andconnect-- ed at one end with the said last mentioned detachable lockingmeans, means operable by the other operator to move said ro-d forreleasing said lock, and means operated b v the movement of the rod foroperating the lock of the su pplemental foot lever, substantially asdescribed.

17. In combination 'in a dual control mechanism for aeroplanes, a rockshaft, a pair of hand operated control levers, one for each operatormounted thereon to turn said shaft in its bearings when swung laterally,a pair of main foot levers, rudder connections controlled thereby, asupplemental foot lever interposed between one of the main foot leversand the rudder connection, detachable locking means between thesupplemental foot lever and its main foot lever, one of said handoperated control levers having a detachable locking means whereby it maybe rendered ineffective, a. rod extending along the rock shaft andconnected at one end with the said last mentioned detachable lockingmeans, means operable by the other operator to move said rod forreleasing said lock, and means operated by the movement of the rod foroperating the lock of the si'lpplemental foot lever, said last mentionedmeansl including a cam mounted lo move on the rock shaft, substantiallyas described.

18. ln combination in a dual control meehanism for aeroplanes, a rockshaft, a pair of hand operated control levers, one for each operatormounted thereon, to turn .said shaft in its bearings, when swunglaterally, a pair of main foot levers, rudder connections` eontrolledthereby, a supplemental foot lever interposed between one of the mainfoot levers and the rudder connection, detachable locking means betweenthe supplemental foot lever and its main foot lever, one of said handoperated control levers having a detachable locking means, whereby itmay be rendered ineffective, a rod extending along the rock shaft andconnected at one end with the said last mentioned detachable lockingmeans, means operable by the other operator to move said rod forreleasing said lock, and means operated by the movement of the rod foroperating the lock ol the supplemental foot lever, said last mentionedmeans including a cani slidable on the rock shaft and turning with therock shaft While maintaining its effective relation to the detachablelocking means of the foot lever, substantially as described.

19. In combination a rock shaft, a pair of hand operated control leversmounted thereon to turn the same, a pair of foot levers, one for eachoperator, a detachable lock for freeing one of the hand control levers,rudder connections, a detachable lock for freeing one of the footlevers, a rod eX- tendin substantially parallel with the rock shaft, ellcrank levers carried by the rock shaft at its ends, to Which the rod isconnected, a connection between one bell crank and the detachablelocking means of the hand control lever, a supplemental hand levermounted on the other hand control lever, a connection from the otherbell crank thereto to be operated thereby and means connected With therod for releasing the detachable connection of the foot lever,substantially as described.

20. ln combination a rock shaft, a hand operated control lever at eachend of the same, a pair of foot levers, rudder connections extendingtherefrom, a supplemental foot lever interposed between one of the footlevers and the rudder connections, said supplemental foot lever and itscompanion main foot lever being mounted to turn about a pivot centrallyunder the rock shaft, a locking device between the supplemental footlever and the main foot lever having a contact portion locatedsubstantiallyy over the pivot of said levers, a cam member slidablymounted on the rock shaft to engage the, contact portion of the, lockingdevice in all angular positions of the rock shaft, a supplemental handlever mounted on one of the hand control levers and a connection betweenthe same and the said cam for operating the latter, substantially asdescribed.

21. In combination with a hand operated control lever made. in upper andlower sections With a spring pressed locking plunger for holding thesections in alineinent, said plunger having a vertical slot, a pinpassing transversely through the slot, a rod on each side of the controllever connected with the cross pin, a bell crank lever having armsconnected ,With the rod and means for positively operating the bellcrank lever in one direction to move the pin and Withdraw the plunger,said bell crank lever when operated in the other direction moving thecross pin upwardly in the slot of the plunger to allow the spring toforce the plunger to locking position when the upper section of the handcontrol lever assumes normal position in relation to the lower sectionand a rock shaft carrying all of said parts, substantially as described.

M. EGAN,

N. CARTER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for flve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner ot Patents, Washington, D. C.

